There are 102 unique endemic species/subspecies. Anthony has photographed 40 of them. Updated 11/30/2024

What is the meaning of “Endemic”? The term refers to species uniquely found in a specific geographic region and cannot be located anywhere else in the world. These extraordinary hummingbirds, with their vibrant colors and distinctive physical characteristics, showcase remarkable adaptability, thriving in diverse environments that can be found throughout their country. While some of these species have a limited range, there are even instances of micro endemics, which means their range is even smaller and more restricted! Their specialized nature illustrates the incredible biodiversity within these unique habitats, highlighting the importance of conservation efforts to protect these remarkable ecosystems and their species.

The Bahamas is home to 4 species of hummingbirds, 2 of which are considered endemic.

  1. Brace's emerald, Riccordia bracei (EX)

  2. Inagua woodstar, Nesophlox lyrura (LC)

Bolivia is home to 60 species of hummingbirds, 3 of which are considered endemic.

  1. Black-hooded sunbeam, Aglaeactis pamela (LC)

  2. Coppery thorntail, Discosura letitiae (EX)

  3. Violet-throated Starfrontlet (Bolivian), Coeligena violifer violifer, Subspecies, (LC)

Brazil is home to 87 species of hummingbirds, 18 of which are considered endemic.

  1. Brazilian ruby, Clytolaema rubricauda (LC)

  2. Broad-tipped hermit, Anopetia gounellei (LC)

  3. Diamantina sabrewing, Campylopterus diamantinensi (NT)

  4. Dusky-throated hermit, Phaethornis squalidus (LC)

  5. Festive coquette, Lophornis chalybeus (LC)

  6. Frilled coquette, Lophornis magnificus (LC)

  7. Green-crowned plovercrest, Stephanoxis lalandi (LC)

  8. Hooded visorbearer, Augastes lumachella (NT)

  9. Hook-billed hermit, Glaucis dohrnii (VU)

  10. Hyacinth visorbearer, Augastes scutatus (LC)

  11. Long-tailed woodnymph, Thalurania watertonii (EN)

  12. Minute hermit, Phaethornis idaliae (LC)

  13. Outcrop sabrewing, Campylopterus calcirupicola (VU)

  14. Saw-billed hermit, Ramphodon naevius (LC)

  15. Sombre hummingbird, Eupetomena cirrochloris (LC)

  16. Straight-billed hermit (major) / Ash-bellied hermit, Phaethornis bourcieri major, Subspecies (LC)

  17. Stripe-breasted starthroat, Heliomaster squamosus (LC)

  18. Tapajos hermit, Phaethornis aethopygus (VU)

Chile is home to 10 species of hummingbirds, 2 of which are considered endemic.

  1. Chilean woodstar, Eulidia yarrellii (CR)

  2. Juan Fernandez firecrown, Sephanoides fernandensis (CR)

Colombia is home to the largest 142 species of hummingbirds, 18 of which are considered endemic.

  1. Black inca, Coeligena prunellei (VU)

  2. Black-backed thornbill, Ramphomicron dorsale (NT)

  3. Blue-bearded helmetcrest, Oxypogon cyanolaemus (EN)

  4. Buffy helmetcrest, Oxypogon stuebelii (VU)

  5. Chestnut-bellied hummingbird, Saucerottia castaneiventris (NT)

  6. Chiribiquete emerald, Chlorostilbon olivaresi (LC)

  7. Colorful puffleg, Eriocnemis mirabilis (EN)

  8. Dusky starfrontlet / Glittering starfrontlet, Coeligena orina (EN)

  9. Golden-bellied starfrontlet, Coeligena bonapartei (LC)

  10. Gorgeted puffleg, Eriocnemis isabellae (CR)

  11. Green-bearded helmetcrest, Oxypogon guerinii (LC)

  12. Indigo-capped hummingbird, Amazilia cyanifrons (LC)

  13. Santa Marta blossomcrown, Anthocephala floriceps (VU)

  14. Santa Marta sabrewing, Campylopterus phainopeplus (CR)

  15. Santa Marta woodstar, Chaetocercus astreans (LC)

  16. Sapphire-bellied hummingbird, Chrysuronia lilliae (EN)

  17. Tolima blossomcrown, Anthocephala berlepschi (VU)

  18. White-tailed starfrontlet, Coeligena phalerata (NT)

Costa Rica is home to 53 species of hummingbirds, 3 of which are considered endemic.

  1. Coppery-headed emerald, Microchera cupreiceps (LC)

  2. Mangrove hummingbird, Chrysuronia boucardi (EN)

  3. White-throated mountain-gem (Grey-tailed) / Grey-tailed mountain-gem, Lampornis castaneoventris cinereicauda, Subspecies (LC)

Cuba is home to 2 unique species of hummingbirds. 1 is endemic to the island, that holds the title of the world’s smallest bird. This tiny creature has chosen to make its nest and thrive in the vibrant ecosystems found throughout Cuba, further enriching the diverse avian population of this beautiful nation.

  1. Bee hummingbird, Mellisuga helenae (NT)

Ecuador is home to 102 species of hummingbirds, 6 of which are considered endemic.

  1. Black-breasted Puffleg Eriocnemis nigrivestis (EN)

  2. Blue-throated Hillstar Oreotrochilus cyanolaemus (CR)

  3. Esmeraldas Woodstar Chaetocercus berlepschi (VU)

  4. Sapphire-vented Puffleg Eriocnemis luciani baptistae Subspecies (LC)

  5. Turquoise-throated Puffleg Eriocnemis godini (CR)

  6. Violet-throated Metaltail Metallura baroni (VU)

The Dominican Republic is home to 3 species of hummingbirds, 2 of which are considered endemic to Hispaniola Island.

  1. Hispaniolan emerald, Riccordia swainsonii (LC)

  2. Hispaniolan mango, Anthracothorax dominicus (LC)

The Honduras is home to 40 species of hummingbirds, 1 of which are considered endemic.

  1. Honduran emerald, Amazilia luciae (VU)

Jamaica is home to a total of 4 distinct species of hummingbirds, 3 of which are considered endemic.

  1. Black-billed streamertail, Trochilus scitulus (LC)

  2. Jamaican mango, Anthracothorax mango (LC)

  3. Red-billed streamertail, Trochilus polytmus (LC)

Mexico is home to an impressive 59 species of hummingbirds, 15 of which are endemic.

  1. Beautiful hummingbird, Calothorax pulcher (LC)

  2. Blue-capped hummingbird / Oaxaca hummingbird, Eupherusa cyanophrys (EN)

  3. Bumblebee hummingbird, Selasphorus heloisa (LC)

  4. Cozumel emerald, Cynanthus forficatus (LC)

  5. Dusky hummingbird, Phaeoptila sordida (LC)

  6. Golden-crowned emerald, Cynanthus auriceps (LC)

  7. Green-fronted hummingbird, Leucolia viridifrons (LC)

  8. Mexican hermit, Phaethornis mexicanus (LC)

  9. Mexican sheartail, Doricha eliza (NT)

  10. Mexican woodnymph, Eupherusa ridgwayi (VU)

  11. Short-crested coquette, Lophornis brachylophus (CR)

  12. Tres Marias Hummingbird, Cynanthus lawrencei (NT)

  13. Turquoise-crowned hummingbird, Cynanthus doubledayi (LC)

  14. White-tailed hummingbird, Eupherusa poliocerca (NT)

  15. Xantus's hummingbird, Basilinna xantusii (LC)

Panama is home to 57 species of hummingbirds, 2 of which are endemic.

  1. Glow-throated Hummingbird Selasphorus ardens (EN)

  2. White-throated Mountain-gem (Blue-tailed) / Blue-tailed Mountain-gem Lampornis castaneoventris castaneoventris Subspecies (NT)

Peru is home to 112 species of hummingbirds, 20 of which are endemic.

  1. Bearded mountaineer, Oreonympha nobilis, 2 subspecies (LC)

  2. Black metaltail, Metallura phoebe (LC)

  3. Black-breasted hillstar, Oreotrochilus melanogaster (LC)

  4. Black-throated brilliant (Black-breasted) / Black-breasted brilliant, Heliodoxa schreibersii whitelyana, Subspecies (LC)

  5. Bronze-tailed comet, Polyonymus caroli (LC)

  6. Collared inca (Vilcabamba), Coeligena torquata eisenmanni, Subspecies (LC)

  7. Coppery metaltail, Metallura theresiae (LC)

  8. Fire-throated metaltail, Metallura eupogon (LC)

  9. Gray-bellied comet, Taphrolesbia griseiventris (EN)

  10. Green-and-white hummingbird, Elliotomyia viridicauda (LC)

  11. Koepcke's hermit, Phaethornis koepckeae (LC)

  12. Marvelous spatuletail, Loddigesia mirabilis (NT)

  13. Peruvian piedtail, Phlogophilus harterti (LC)

  14. Purple-backed sunbeam, Aglaeactis aliciae (VU)

  15. Sapphire-vented puffleg (Coppery-naped) / Coppery-naped puffleg, Eriocnemis luciani sapphiropygia/catharina, 2 subspecies (LC)

  16. Violet-throated starfrontlet, Coeligena violifer, 3 subspecies (LC)

  17. Violet-throated starfrontlet (Apurimac) / Apurimac starfrontlet, Coeligena violifer albicaudata, Subspecies (LC)

  18. Violet-throated starfrontlet (Cuzco), Coeligena violifer osculans, Subspecies (LC)

  19. Violet-throated starfrontlet (Huanuco), / Huanuco Starfrontlet Coeligena violifer dichroura, Subspecies (LC)

  20. White-tufted sunbeam, Aglaeactis castelnaudii, 2 subspecies (NT)

Puerto Rico is home to 10 species of hummingbirds, 2 of which are endemic.

  1. Green mango, Anthracothorax viridis (LC)

  2. Puerto Rican emerald, Riccordia maugaeus (LC)

Venezuela is home to 110 species of hummingbirds, 7 of which are endemic.

  1. Green-tailed emerald, Chlorostilbon alice (LC)

  2. Merida starfrontlet, Coeligena eos (LC)

  3. Merida sunangel, Heliangelus spencei (LC)

  4. Sapphire-vented puffleg, Eriocnemis luciani meridae, Subspecies (EX)

  5. Scissor-tailed hummingbird, Hylonympha macrocerca (EN)

  6. Venezuelan sylph, Aglaiocercus berlepschi (VU)

  7. White-bearded helmetcrest, Oxypogon lindenii (LC)